10.24.2009

絲綢之路還有什麼意義﹖/ 黃國鉅

在「瘋祭舞台」的《大路西遊2-(阿) 公審三藏》裡﹐我們將會看到兩個截然不同的絲綢之路的面貌﹕一個古代的中國和西域﹐當時絲綢之路還是活躍的交通要道﹑中西(西域和西方)文化真正的交流和佛學傳播的途徑﹑和一個一個在沙丘中興起又消失的神秘古帝國 ﹔另一個是現代的中國大西北﹑經過60年共產統治的洗禮﹑荒蕪的沙漠後面是海市蜃樓和廢墟﹑在無情的經濟火車頭下﹐變成一個又一個重複﹑空洞的世界工廠。

面對這個兩面鏡子﹐觀眾自不然會問﹕所謂的絲綢之路﹐到今日還有什麼意義﹖
2009年的「絲綢之路藝術節」﹐本來可以讓我們來發思古之幽情。自八十年代中國開放改革開始﹐外界對這個封閉了三十多年的神秘國家漸漸產生興趣﹐而因為日本的一齣紀錄片﹐香港掀起了一股絲路熱潮﹐加上喜多郎的配樂﹐羅文唱的主題曲﹕「天滄滄﹐沙滾滾茫茫途路﹐山灰灰﹐雪素素﹐白白野草﹐深深思﹐細細看﹐共覓盛唐瀚浩……」在一片借來的思古幽情中﹐香港人仿彿對樓蘭﹑高昌﹑酒泉﹑唐三藏﹑馬可波羅﹑成吉思汗等名字耳熟能詳﹐甚至如身處其中。加上90年代蘇聯解體後﹐很多絲路上的中亞國家紛紛獨立﹐回復蘇聯甚至俄國人統治之前的文化原貌。本來所謂「絲綢之路藝術節」這個主題﹐可以讓我們撥開旅遊節目的包裝﹐重新認識它原有的面貌。
然而﹐《大路西遊2》裡所呈現的﹐卻是一個似乎跟我們印象中的「絲綢之路」無關的中國大西北﹕在Burtynsky的鏡頭下﹐一個一個大型又重複的循環工場﹐和在建築在道德沙丘上的經濟成就。蒼茫的的沙漠﹐形象化地表達這個境況﹕
「它無情地斬斷了把人們束縛于天然尊長的形形色色的封建羈絆,它使人和人之間除了赤裸裸的利害關系,除了冷酷無情的『現金交易』,就再也沒有任何別的聯繫了。它把宗教虔誠、騎士熱忱、小市民傷感這些情感的神聖發作,淹沒在利己主義打算的冰水之中。它把人的尊嚴變成了交換價值,用一種沒有良心的貿易自由代替了無數特許的和自力掙得的自由。……一切固定的僵化的關系以及與之相適應的素被尊崇的觀念和見解都被消除了,一切新形成的關系等不到固定下來就陳舊了。一切等級的和固定的東西都煙消雲散了,一切神聖的東西都被褻瀆了。人們終于不得不用冷靜的眼光來看他們的生活地位、他們的相互關係。」

以上馬克思在《共產黨宣言》中對十九世紀歐洲資本主義的鞭撻﹐如果套用在今時今日共產黨統治下的絲綢之路中國大西北部份﹐竟然驚人地恰當。不止如此﹐今日漢人文化所剩下的功利主義價值觀﹐取代了古代絲路的文化差異。加上在《大路西遊2》大量出現的共產中國的顏色和風格﹐如法庭的座椅﹑女公安的制服﹑無處不在的大紅主調﹑紅底白字的大標語﹐正如我們最近在電視新聞看到的拉薩市和烏魯木齊市滿街的漢字商標和招牌一樣﹐在在告訴我們﹐在絲綢之路的中國境內路段﹐漢人不止是政治上的統治者﹐也是文化上的殖民者。

如此﹐《大路西遊2》進一步要探問的﹐還有漢人自己的傳統文化在今時今日的意義﹐尤其對香港人的意義。在所謂「愛國」的大旗下﹐孔子﹑《論語》變成所謂的「國粹」﹐來支撐起這個失去了靈魂的世界工廠的﹐和給香港人這些遲來的「國民」表明心跡的工具。香港人對中國原有的好奇和盼望﹐在六四事件之後﹐變成恐懼﹑抗拒﹐和純粹政治和經濟上的利益靠攏﹐所謂文化歷史﹐都被用作表示政治忠誠的借口。如此﹐《大路西遊2》挖空心思﹐選取一些已成絕響的古代文化遺產﹐如《廣陵散》﹑《岳陽樓記》等﹐穿插在演出之中﹐仿彿在遙遠的時空反問我們﹕「你可曾真正認識過我﹖」

陳曙曦飾演七個角色中﹐每一個都有其象徵義﹐其中甚堪玩味的﹐是那個香港律師。他無緣無故地被捲進一綜謀殺案﹐更捲入了文化價值和身份認同的旋渦了。他既有所謂典型香港人的特徵﹕現實﹑自以為醒目﹑文化歷史感薄弱﹐但骨子裡可能又有另一面﹕香港人特有的﹑對古代和今日中國那種含蓄的沉重感和迷茫感。這種複雜的情意結﹐在他迷失在這大漠的時候﹐一層一層地重新發現。

《大路西遊2》其中一個文本﹑范仲淹的《岳陽樓記》﹐最後有這樣的一段話﹕「嗟夫!予嘗求古仁人之心,或異二者之為,何哉?不以物喜,不以己悲。」對於早已消失的歷史文化﹑和代之而起的世界工廠﹐我們或許可以做到「不以物喜」﹐但在「物我」的矛盾和落差之間﹐如何做到「不以己悲」﹐卻是最大的難題。當我們如中學生應付會考地背誦「先天下之憂而憂﹐後天下之樂而樂」的時候﹐這個所謂的「天下」﹐又是否我們能夠認識﹖《大路西遊2》未必有當下的答案﹐但它肯定是可以帶我們穿越時空的探索旅程。

reviews on HEADING WEST 2

一念之間,可以思考什麼? / 文:貝亦雯

重喚枯竭的思維 / 文:慧子

筆可網想24 10 2009 / 劉 靉 何應豐公審....

sharing from gloria lam

建國六十年,溫總說我國到一百年紀念時,便會有具中國社會主義特色的民主。還有四十年,我們的路該如何走?

溫總又說,發展經濟是為了改善人民的物質生活。而從爭取經濟發展,以及經濟得到發展,伴隨而來的,便是思想革命,人民得到更多知識後,自然會問:我們要言論自由、我們要民主選舉!這一切,溫總沒有說出來。

如果四十年後有具中國社會主義特色的民主出現,我們的政制/教育,應朝什麼方向發展呢?是一邊叫你不要做奴隸,但卻培養你及你的後代成為一個沒有獨立思考的奴隸?這將會是怎樣的民主?不是很矛盾嗎?這點,何應豐先生的《阿公審三藏》清楚地展現出來。即使你不知道演員為何在戲台上各有各演,飛沙走石,大顛大肺…… 那個說過不停的陳律師,已把這一切托出。

表演形式從來使人頭痛,究竟是遁規好,還是突破好。這除了是戲作家的創作考慮外,還視乎觀眾的接受程度。而現實生活愈是莫測,觀眾愈想從劇場中得到「合乎常理」的表演模式和故事結局。人生福禍難測,當受眾發現舞台上的東西更難測時,結果如何?叫回水離場?或是挑戰自我,嘗試探討,莫測的是戲劇,還是人生。

我看的是周六場,後排的中學生紛紛在半場離去,同行的朋友亦睡着了。我猜想,大部份觀眾,包括本人,不是100%了解台上各項。倘若你認同「藝術便是空間」,100%了解並不重要,最重要的是得到啟發。啟發你的,可能是一句對白、一句歌辭、一個演員、甚至是一道光。以後再遇到何應豐或其他的不明所以表演,無需再問坐在身邊的朋友是否明白,或者無須裝作明白。

我頗喜歡這場的音樂,時而帶人進入幽冥,時而狂喜,這是意料之外的事。

GLORIA LAM

大路如何繼續西遊 - 瘋祭舞台的 阿公審三藏

by : io 20091016

從多年前的大路西遊1, 到今天的大路西遊2,內裡所提及的西北大開發我從不了解,也不太願去了解,感疏離也冷漠,高昌古城與岳陽樓甚麼的,若無實質上的利益,國家通常不屑一顧就是;香港也慢慢循這步伐前行,阿公往左走,曾特首豈敢怠慢腳步,當然義無反顧地前進前進前進進,香港市民聲音,他早已完全過濾,丁點兒也聽不到。

何應豐為何關心大西北,我不了解,所以就只談我能了解的一二......(click to read full article)

http://hk.myblog.yahoo.com/iz-flower/article?mid=2405&prev=2406&next=2344

大路再西遊

by: io 20091018

已不感慨,也不詫異;人的素質請勿再奢求會向更好的方向攀升,那只是一個夢;曾經當作笑話的按本子辦事,頃刻就經常性的於身伴出現,你要做的、將要做的,全都套了一個安全程式,移動不了也改變不來,生存與成就,絕對在於你靠邊站的本事,阿諛奉承的媚態愈出眾,攀的位置愈高、生意做得愈大、特權擁有多得超乎想像;古人的情操,因而變得一文不值;蟻民呈上萬言書,也及不上高幹的一個眼神;做官從商的,最緊要就是識相;荒謬一直都在,自由自主自決,在你我不知不覺間,慢慢被蒸發於無形,擁有的還有甚麼...(click in to view full article)
http://hk.myblog.yahoo.com/iz-flower/article?mid=2406

10.13.2009

Westward Ho

words rachel mok

A west-looking production is only one of two in the Silk Road Arts Festival to ask hard questions about life in Hong Kong.

As much as we may love the pure enjoyment and pleasure of performance art, a thought-provoking work often has the greatest impact in theatre: A work that forces you to rethink the way you see the world – it may, for instance, jolt you from the stupor of advertising brainwashing (eg slim = beautiful) or pose the subversive question whether it is valid to sacrifice all in the name of economic and social harmony. Flipping through the programme of the Silk Road Arts Festival, it is easy wonder if the two Hong Kong productions, 
Bun in the Cave andHeading West 2: The Curious Case of Sanzang, are the only two critical shows in the festival, as they reassess the history of China and plant doubts about sacrificingour cultural heritage for economic development. (please click to read full article)

何應豐談藝術節新劇作及對陳曙曦看法

特約記者:陳楚珊

【101專訪】素以文化命題為劇場行動創作目的的何應豐,於零三年乘中國開發大西北之勢創作《大路西遊》,開展他的後九七中國想像之路;六年後的今天,何應豐再度西遊,創作《大路西遊2之(阿)公審三藏》,作品將於絲路藝術節期間上演。

再沒有絲路文化的絲綢之路

絲綢之路約起源於晉朝,興盛於隋唐時期,當時的絲路是各國文化的交匯點,儘管唐朝朝政掌控著絲路部份主要通道的交通,但當時文化上的開放開明是數千年來難得一見的,絲路文化因而大放異彩,這個景象正好反映出大唐文化的氣度。可惜,這種氣度似乎在明朝以後不再復見,中國人越來越封閉、奴化,思想越趨單一,大家只求做「眾人」,害怕講求個體,於是,《大路西遊》導演何應豐提問︰到底出了什麼事?在中國經濟「高速」發展的背後,文化日漸荒涼,用佛家的話,到底事情發展的「話頭」在哪裡?(please click to read full article)

9.29.2009

Who 's who in HEADING WEST 2?

《大路西遊2之(阿)公審三藏 》:一場獨立思考的一種「演練」

假如 閣下打算安坐劇院舒適的座椅上,默默地欣賞一場賞心的劇作,恐怕您將與這個創作最精彩的部分失之交臂。因為《大路西遊2之(阿)公審三藏 》(下稱《大路西遊2》)壓根兒不是單純以「賞心悅目」為終極目標的演出(當然筆者並不排除演出具「賞心悅目」的元素,而是需要參與者投入的「文化事件」(‘cultural event’)。更具體而言,這是一個探討獨立思考的創作項目——不單是以獨立思考為「題材」的劇作,從何應豐的文本創作、演員在排練室的創造、陳國平的音樂創作、以至觀眾於劇場的交流從而產生的「再創造」,整個創作都是獨立思考的一種「演練」和「成品」。在讓大家進一步了解《大路西遊2》如何不同創作階段引發不同個體獨立思考、同時在不同個體參與下有機成長前,筆者先略述《大路西遊2》的創作緣起。

 緣起:有關大開發與獨立思考

《大路西遊2》的構思蘊釀於京奧前夕,四川大地震和「太湖衛士」吳立紅被判刑事件喚起了何應豐沉澱多時、有關「大開發」的種種思考。「那情況十分吊詭我們可以大灑金錢向世界宣示中國有多強大的同時,從不會想到用這些資源用來做好國內的人文建設、學校、機建建設」有感當時所有人都只是盲從於「發展就是硬道理」的迷思當中,卻沒有深思「發展」背後的可能性,以致在大家一窩蜂埋首於國家的經濟建設、為經濟發展一日千里而飛色舞的同時,在文化、精神方面的發展乏善可陳,何應豐便想到創作延續七年前的作品《大路西遊》,創作《大路西遊2》。

假如二零零三年的《大路西遊》是探索中國西北大開發背後的荒誕,《大路西遊2之(阿)公審三藏》恐怕是借一件假設的懸案,想像在一個不尋常國度裡的「一個香港人」 ,如何撞上 「開發行動」背後「妄想」的「話頭」罷。[1]

相比《大路西遊》,《大路西遊2》以北上的香港律師作為敘事中心的設定更加貼近港人處境。誠然,內地與香港的關係已今非昔比,隨著中港日趨一體化,對於「開發」的種種問題,我們已不能抱著隔岸觀火或視而不見的態度——不同名目的「活化」計劃把舊有的多元文化摧毀,超級商業集團承包管理下,一個個蒼白和單一的「品牌」和「地標」在頹垣之上打造出來這不正是「中國香港」的寫照嗎?

 何應豐進一步指出,這不單是香港或大西北的現象奉行「自由經濟」至上的發展邏輯是全球勢之所趨,其背後所產生的諸種妄思與盲動亦是全球化現象。劇中B.T.的所見所聞所作所為實為一個跳板,讓我們得以重新審視在這個狂潮背後的種種迷思,以及我們盲目地推動建立出來的,本質上到底是怎樣的一個世代——在經濟效益至上的開發活動中,行政手段成為了人們行事與資源分配的唯一標準,個體的價值和獨立思考的空間備受扼殺。

「在行政主導的情況下,很多情況只講程序(procedure)而不需要講理據。人們只依循已制定下來的規則行事,從不懷疑。雖然歷史說明了規則非永恆,隨時間和文化發展它必需變化,但我們總有一個妄想:當一個人有了經驗和建樹,便會覺得它是永恆的,希望透過抱持它們從而得到安全感。這是一個吊詭,我們在不同年紀都有一種社會責任將某種文化傳承——不是告訴下一代要如何做人,而是將一些經驗分享出去,由他們決定怎樣做他們的夢想。然而,大部分人都只是抱持著一些他們自以為成功的案例,將之成為大家要依循的規則。這是很危險的。」

這種「行政過於一切」的因循態度在「中國香港」中顯而易見曾特首的名句「我要做好呢份工」,正是社會在行政主導下,以高效率(高經濟效益)和安守本份為最高品德情操的最佳寫照。在這種缺乏自主性、鼓吹單一思維的氛圍下,教育界所倡議的「通識教育」、「獨立思考」豈不是另一個蒼白的口號?

 培養獨立思考」是近年炙手可熱的教學「理念」,然而從「理念」到「實踐」之間的落差卻有目共睹(且看新高中通識課程指引中如何片面地強調祖國經濟發展成就,對於民主民生方面卻鮮有提及便略知一二)。1400多年前,獨立思考」沒有人講,卻有人一步一步的實踐出來。那就是何應豐形容為「中國歷史上少見自主獨立以至用行動體現信念」的唐玄奘,他在反覆鑽研佛經之下,有感「諸師各異其途,聖典亦有隱誨,不知適從」,於是決心西行天竺求法,「師誓西行一步而死,不願東退一步而生」。另一個何應豐認為具有獨立思考的代表人物乃《廣陵散》名垂千古的嵇康,他的風骨氣魄固然教人敬畏,但更讓何應豐腕的,何以從古至今,社會都不能容納這樣一個有獨立思考的人?《大路西遊2》在文本上以唐玄奘為「懸案的一個點子」,而音樂上則將嵇康的慷慨激昂化為《廣陵散》融入劇中,通過這兩個少數的「獨立思考」先行者,審視「大開發」過程中,在人民被嚴重剔除建構「獨立思考」的空間下所致文化上以至環境上被「壟斷思考」、「集體污染」的「野蠻現象」。

 劇場作為獨立思考的一個可能場域

獨立思考重視的不是被約化、被歸納的「已知」答案,而是通過主動、積極的探索過程,走向種種「未知」的可能性。《大路西遊2》的創作過程正好體現這種精神,更準確而言,它本身就是一個獨立思考的演練和產物——從編劇、演員排練、音樂設計,以至觀眾參與,《大路西遊2》在不同階段一直保持讓不同個體創造、思考的開放性,亦有意識地誘導不同的參與者投入其中。

 身兼編劇和導演的何應豐表示,在排練過程展開了便不再回看劇本。「傳統劇場將文本視為終極,演員的責任只是『演繹』故事;對我而言,文本只是一個起點,它必須由演員完成。演員作為一個文化評論人、一個文化故事中的批判人/傳遞人(communicator),他們要做的不只是了解劇本,而是如何了解這些材料,從而找尋角色的面貌、心境和看法。」何應豐形容劇場為「解剖場」,舞台上的演員一起從事這項解剖工作——他們將人們的內在真實(inner reality)活剝出來,從而重新審視當中的價值和運作方法。在這個過程中,作為導演的何應豐堅持將演員視為獨立的個體,給予他們自主的思考空間。「我會對演員說,我見到你正用怎樣的邏輯建構出怎樣的行為。你今天和明天的演繹可以不同,只要你的合乎邏輯,可以邀請我閱讀一場戲的可能性。」他又指出,大部分人都局限於劇本所謂的邏輯,扼殺了它的繼續成長。「那些是死的藝術,戲劇藝術'Live performance' 'Live art',演員當下的判斷和創造才這種生命投放最即時最精彩的部分。」

在演員的創作過程中,每一個獨特的個體對文本的詮釋賦予何應豐很多不同的想像,特別是他每次的創作都會找來很多來自不同背景的演員或創作人合作,大大擴展了創作的未知性和可能性。「每個人身上都著某種共通共融的特質,而且不同個體之間的對話、交流可以開拓彼此視野,令我們不致局限於某種平常的慣性去看事物。」經過演員的投入創造,作品得以進一步豐富、成長。

 除了演員的創作,音樂從來都是何應豐創作的必然部分。「音樂表達了非語言的訊息,它超越日常思維模式,觸碰了一些很深刻、細微和崇高的情緒和感覺。現場奏樂更是如此,在劇場中,樂師如何消化台上的行動,與演員、空間、燈光和現場所有微妙變化建立一有機的語言,實在很具挑戰性。」何應豐與陳國平之間的創作方式也很特別——文本在排練室逐漸生長變化的同時,陳國平以文本作為具體起點進行創作。何應豐認為兩層創作之間未必存有矛盾,反而為作品帶來一個新的層次(layer),讓他重新思考文本的可能性。「我很享受這種讓劇作有機『生長』的創作方式我永遠不會預先說好想要的是甚麼,反而是讓事情先發生,看了、聽了再發現當中的可能性,以及當中編織的合理性是怎樣的」。

何應豐期望,《大路西遊2》演員不是單純的「說書人」,走進劇場的觀眾也不是單純來「聽故事的人」。「大部分聽故事的人都認為自己不用我很不喜歡這樣的對話。事實上,『生活』貴乎能否活在當下、投入眼前 Beingbecoming是很關鍵的存在問題,當你坐在觀眾席中,你的內在世界是否甚麼也沒有發生?你應該如何參與投入一個眼前的event/事件?」何應豐認為觀眾不應作為被動的接收者,而是交流、對話的對象。「他們不是普遍的、單一的群眾(generalized mass),他們每一個都是獨立個體,在黑暗之中各自找尋自己的線索定位。我們要給予他們空間,容許他們從既有的思考模式中釋放出來,重新創造與建構他們的想法。」他認為,觀眾如何與他和演員所建構的文化事件建立對話,正是劇場中最引人入勝、最精彩的創作。這已不是單純的消費,而是一種具創造性的思考和行為戲劇藝術本身是一個行動(action)——既是建構一個事件也是透過行動去疏理一些平時機會思考、或疏理得不夠清楚深入的思緒。」

正如文章開首所言,《大路西遊2》是一個需要參與者(包括創作人、演員和觀眾)主動投入engage文化事件(cultural event),在人人都在等指示等上級作決定(但同時又充滿投訴怨氣,認為自己永遠不用責任)的社會中,這正是我們所急切需要的。「如果我們想建構一有機有活力的文化必須孕育一種條件我相信如果每一個人都將自己視為獨立個體重視自己可以引發的可能性,同時又能包容、欣賞每個人的精彩這個社會可能會孕育出一種共融的美麗,而且不遠。」

伍綺琪 28/09/2009



[1] 何應豐《觀照「話頭」》

9.24.2009

From 1984 to One-Dimensional Man: Critical Reflections on Orwell and Marcuse

Section One

By Douglas Kellner

Occasionally literary and philosophical metaphors and images enter the domain of popular discourse and consciousness. Images in Uncle Tom's Cabin of humane and oppressed blacks contrasted to inhumane slave owners and overseers shaped many people's negative images of slavery. And in nineteenth century Russia, Chernyshevsky's novel What is to be Done? shaped a generation of young Russian's views of oppressive features of their society, including V.I. Lenin who took the question posed by Chernyshevsky's novel as the title of one of his early revolutionary treatises. In the twentieth century, George Orwell's vision of totalitarian society in his novel 1984 has had a major impact on how many people see, understand, and talk about contemporary social trends. {1} Subsequently, Herbert Marcuse's analyses and images of a "one-dimensional man" in a "one-dimensional society" shaped many young radicals' ways of seeing and experiencing life in advanced capitalist society during the 1960s and 1970s --though to a more limited extent and within more restricted circles than Orwell's writings which are among the most widely read and discussed works of the century.

There are, in fact, both some striking differences and similarities between the visions of totalitarianism in contemporary industrial societies in the works of George Orwell and Herbert Marcuse. A contrast between Orwell and Marcuse seems useful at this point in time since they both offer insights that illuminate various features of the contemporary social and political world. In the light of the growth of repressive governments of the communist, fascist, and democratic capitalist systems in the contemporary epoch, it seems appropriate to re-read Orwell's novels and essays and Marcuse's writings since both contain concepts and analyses that provide sharp critiques of the mechanisms and power in institutions which practice socio-political domination and oppression. Moreover, both raise the question of the proper theoretical and political response toward current trends of social irrationality and domination, as well as the possibilities of emancipation. (CLICK TO LINK FULL ARTICLE)

excerpts from http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/kellner/Illumina%20Folder/kell13.htm

Section Two [http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/kellner/Illumina%20Folder/kell13a.htm]

One-Dimensional Man in The Postmodern Age

Re-Thinking The Bourgeois Subject, Toward the Sensibilities of Freedom.

 

J.L. Hinman

  

either traditional Marxism, nor postmodernism, grasp the dynamic nature of the cultural and economic process shaping the consciousness of the bourgeoisified subject. Traditional Marxists tend to view the process from a transhistorical perspective; class conflict within a framework of economic determinism, and to deal with the bourgeois subject by creating its own "socialist man." Postmodernism, to a large extent, seeks to evade the problem by eliminating the subject altogether. Both camps fail to produce a dynamic critique of the process, and both fail to translate what they do understand into a consciousness capable of resisting bourgeoisification. The industrial production mode of late capitalism necessitates a total way of life that shapes people into alienated consumers and reduces all personal and social values to economic commodity. The only hope for re-thinking the left is to cultivate sensibilities of freedom that create new possibilities and new ways of life.

Traditional Marxism always tried to work the other way around, to have the revolution, to produce a society capable of forging the "new humanity," and then to produce a free individual, one whose freedom is predicated upon the Vanguard, the state, and the party line. This is like wanting to have a child, and then to consummate the marriage. Moreover, capitalism has delivered the goods, and bound the consciousness of the subject to itself as supplier. It has produced:

...a social totality integrated under the universal form of commodity production. Under the domination of the commodity structure, a phantom objectivity is conferred upon human relations, transforming social relations into relations between things; subjectivity, the consciousness, comes to reflect and reproduce this system of domination, giving it the character of a `second nature.' 1

In other words, the mode of production shapes a total way of life that revolves around commodity. This process, rather than labor alone as in traditional Marxism, creates the bond of social relations. This ensemble forges an obedient subject. Within that framework class struggle and exploitation exist as historical contingencies. The alienated subject is itself a product of the way of life.2 (CLICK TO LINK FULL ARTICLE)

EXCERPTS FROM http://www.datawranglers.com/negations/issues/97f/97F_jhinman2.html

Negative Thinking: The Defeated Logic of Protest

Herbert Marcuse: One-Dimensional Man 
(Boston: Beacon, 1964)

Part II: One-Dimensional Thought

[CHAPTER FIVE] "... that which is cannot be true." To our well-trained ears and eyes, this statement is flippant and ridiculous, or as outrageous as that other statement which seems to say the opposite: "what is real is rational." And yet, in the tradition of Western thought, both reveal, in provocatively ..bridged formulation, the idea of Reason which has guided its logic. Moreover, both express the same concept, namely, the antagonistic structure of reality, and of thought trying to Understand reality. The world of immediate experience-the world in which we find ourselves living-must be comprehended, transformed, even subverted in order to become that which it really is.

In the equation Reason = Truth = Reality, which joins the subjective and objective world into one antagonistic unity, Reason is the subversive power, the "power of the negative" that establishes, as theoretical and practical Reason, the truth for men and things—that is, the conditions in which men and things become what they really are. The attempt to demonstrate that this truth of theory and practice is not a subjective but an objective condition was the original concern of Western thought and the origin of its logic—logic not in the sense of a special discipline of philosophy but as the mode of thought appropriate for comprehending the real as rational.

The totalitarian universe of technological rationality is the latest transmutation of the idea of Reason. In this and the following chapter, I shall try to identify some of the main stages in the development of this idea—the process by which logic became the logic of domination. Such ideological analysis can contribute to the understanding of the real development inasmuch as it is focused on the union (and separation) of theory and practice, thought and action, in the historical process—an unfolding of theoretical and practical Reason in one...(click to link more)

excerpts from http://www.marcuse.org/herbert/pubs/64onedim/odm5.html

http://books.google.com/books?id=63QdLKsuqCwC&dq=one+dimensional+man&printsec=frontcover&source=bn&hl=en&ei=SGC7SoOYKYXs6AP72uGECg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5#v=onepage&q=&f=false

Herbert Marcuse:One-Dimensional Man

Introduction to the First Edition
The Paralysis of Criticism: Society Without Opposition

Does not the threat of an atomic catastrophe which could wipe out the human race also serve to protect the very forces which perpetuate this danger? The efforts to prevent such a catastrophe overshadow the search for its potential causes in contemporary industrial society. These causes remain unidentified, unexposed, unattacked by the public be- cause they recede before the all too obvious threat from without--to the West from the East, to the East from the West. Equally obvious is the need for being prepared, for living on the blink, for facing the challenge. We submit to the peaceful production of the means of destruction, to the perfection of waste, to being educated for a defense which deforms the defenders and that which they defend.

If we attempt to relate the causes of the danger to the war in which society is organized and organizes its members, we are immediately confronted with the fact that advanced industrial society becomes richer, bigger, and better as it perpetuates the danger. The defense structure makes life easier for a greater number of people and extends man's mastery of nature. Under these circumstances, our mass media have little difficulty in selling particular interests as those of all sensible men. The political needs of society become individual needs and aspirations, their satisfaction promotes business and the commonweal, and the whole appeals to be the very embodiment of Reason...(click to link full version)

excerpts from http://www.marcuse.org/herbert/pubs/64onedim/odmintro.html

9.21.2009

龙应台:香港,你往哪里去?

— 对香港文化政策与公民社会一点偏颇的观察 
04年11月 10日 星期三 

【明報專訊】

到税务局缴完了税,下楼时觉得特别神气,从此以后多了一重身分:香港的纳税人。写这篇文章,就是在尽一个香港纳税人的义务,当然,也是权利。

从税务大楼出来,横过几条大道就可以到石水渠街,我要到那儿买一把野姜花。窄窄的石水渠街是一个露天市场,挤挤攘攘的,人情味十足。鞋店前放着几个水桶,火百合、满天星、野姜花,随兴地“扔”在里面,爱买不买。海产店前一摊一摊的鲜活渔货。一只巴掌大小的草虾蹦到隔邻的一笼青翠的菠菜上,又弹到地面;吓了一跳的家庭主妇将它捡起,笑眯眯交还给鱼贩。腆着肚子的屠户高举着刀,正霍霍地斩肉;千锤百炼的砧板已经凹成一个浅盆。驼背的老太太提着菜,一步一步走在人群里,虽然拥挤不堪,她不慌不忙,显然脚底熟悉每个地面的凹凸,眼里认识每个摊子后面的乡亲......(click to link)

龍應台:60年來從沒問過對方,痛在哪裡?

龍應台:60年來從沒問過對方,痛在哪裡?(click to link)

9.15.2009

The "Reflection Protocol"

- a way to develop learning and independent thinking?




HOW DOES EDUCATION PARALYZE INDEPENDENT THINKING?

CRITICAL UNDERSTANDING AND CRITICAL THINKING IN SCIENCE EDUCATION 

K. P. Mohanan 

1. A CRISIS IN SCIENCE EDUCATION 

There has been a growing awareness all over the world that the current approach to science education is unsatisfactory in many ways. Books by educators and professional scientific journals devoted to research have repeatedly voiced this concern. In his book The Unschooled Mind, for instance, Howard Gardner describes how otherwise competent college students do not “really understand” what they have learnt, even when they show a high degree of understanding in solving problems of the textbook type (Gardner 1993). In his Science editorial, “Science: A Mountain or a Stream,” Don E. Detmer (1997) expresses the warning: “If we remain dedicated to minor revisions of past educational approaches, our prospects will be dim indeed.” In his Scientific American article in the section on Trends in Science Education, Tim Beardsley (1992) documents an extensive list of similar concerns. The 1991 Carnegie Commission on Science, Technology and Government states that the situation is “a chronic and serious threat” to the future...(click to link full article)

Fostering Independent Thinking

One of the primary goals of an educator should be to help students develop the desire and ability to think on their own. Independent thinking is the desire of a person to convince oneself that the information being presented is true or reasonable. This differs from critical thinking, which is the process used to collect and process information to arrive at a logical conclusion. In other words, independent thinking has more to do with the desire to think for oneself and critical thinking is the process used to deal with information...(click to link full article)

excerpts from NDT Resource Center
http://www.ndt-ed.org/TeachingResources/

八识规矩颂讲记 / 于凌波居士 讲述

第一讲    解释经题

 

    识者心之别名

 

八识规矩颂,是唐代玄奘大师所造。这是玄奘大师于翻译得数百卷唯识经论之后,对于唯识学中的‘八识’,提纲携领所作出的总结。全部颂文,七言一句共四十八句,四句一颂分为十二颂,每三颂为一组,计四组。即前五识颂,第六识颂,第七识颂,第八识颂。八识的行相、业用、性别、识量、所缘、相应等,全包括在颂文之中。唯颂文辞约理著,言简义丰,每一颂中都有许多佛学专有名词,若不详加讲解,一般人很难了解。因此,乃有八识规矩颂讲座的开设。

 

八识规矩颂这五个字颂题,重点在‘八识’二字,尤其是这个‘识’字,要特别加以诠释。识是什么?  <大乘义林章> 曰:‘识者心之别名’。因此、识就是‘心’。在唯识学上称识而不称心,只是一种方便,因为心与识是一体两面的东西。 <大乘广五蕴论> 上说:‘云何识蕴,谓于所缘,了别为性,亦名心,能采集故。亦名意,意所摄故。’这样看来,心、意、识三者,也全是一样东西了。那么,或有人问:‘心又是什么呢? ’依照佛经上说,‘心’是我们精神作用的主体。原来依照佛教的教义,所谓‘宇宙]  (物质世间,我人赖以生存的环) 和人生 (有情世间,我人的生命体) ,不是神 (大梵天或上帝)所创造,不是无因而生,这一切,都是‘因缘和合’而生起存在的......(click to link full article)

9.11.2009

WHAT ECONOMISTS CAN LEARN FROM EVOLUTIONARY THEORISTS

(A talk given to the European Association for Evolutionary Political Economy)

Paul Krugman 
Nov. 1996

Good morning. I am both honored and a bit nervous to be speaking to a group devoted to the idea of evolutionary political economy. As you probably know, I am not exactly an evolutionary economist. I like to think that I am more open-minded about alternative approaches to economics than most, but I am basically a maximization-and-equilibrium kind of guy. Indeed, I am quite fanatical about defending the relevance of standard economic models in many situations.

Why, then, am I here? Well, partly because my research work has taken me to some of the edges of the neoclassical paradigm. When you are concerned, as I have been, with situations in which increasing returns are crucial, you must drop the assumption of perfect competition; you are also forced to abandon the belief that market outcomes are necessarily optimal, or indeed that the market can be said to maximize anything. You can still believe in maximizing individuals and some kind of equilibrium, but the complexity of the situations in which your imaginary agents find themselves often obliges you - and presumably them - to represent their behavior by some kind of ad hoc rule rather than as the outcome of a carefully specified maximum problem. And you are often driven by sheer force of modeling necessity to think of the economy as having at least vaguely "evolutionary" dynamics, in which initial conditions and accidents along the way may determine where you end up. Some of you may have read my work on economic geography; I only found out after I had worked on the models for some time that I was using "replicator dynamics" to discuss the problem of economic change...(click to link full article)

excerpts from http://web.mit.edu/krugman/www/evolute.html

In China, You Play By Another Set Of Rules

As the entire world observed in August at the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, China has emerged with unparalleled force onto the world stage. Most businesses are aware of the lure of the Chinese market, and stories abound of unbridled opportunities and potential for financial gain. But with all great opportunities come significant risks. My experience practicing at an international law firm in Beijing, China, taught me first-hand that not every business can, or should, go to China. This experience also helped me gain some insight as to what any attorney advising a client about doing business in China should keep in mind...(click to link full article)

excerpts from The Complete Lawyer

蘇州一中學舉行成人宣誓 齊誦岳陽樓記


  “不以物喜,不以己悲,居庙堂之高,则忧其民;处江湖之远,则忧其君。是进亦忧,退亦忧……”

  昨天下午三点,苏州中学663名高三学生穿着校服肃立在苏州文庙广场上。之所以在此举行成人宣誓仪式是因为追溯学校历史,1035年范仲淹兴办苏州府学,其原址就是今天苏州中学的校园。而范仲淹的名言“先天下之忧而忧、后天下之乐而乐”的先忧后乐思想也一直成为苏中的办学精神与校园文化精髓所在。在自己的成人宣誓仪式上和同学们一起齐声朗读范仲淹的《岳阳楼记》,也是苏中的一种特色教育。 (顾秋萍 单成志)

来源:《扬子晚报》

做官先做人:重讀《岳陽樓記》隨感


《岳陽樓記》,文質兼美,立意之高,影響之大,堪稱千古名文。從《古文觀止》到解放后歷屆的中學課本,一直在冊﹔從政界要人、學者教授到中小學生,無人不讀。

  初中之時學《岳陽樓記》,隻知文章做得美妙,作者將敘事、寫景、抒情和議論融為一體,以敘事帶出景,又由景生情,達到情景交融,最后由情入議,點明全文中心。加之文中有“先天下之憂而憂,后天下之樂而樂”之名句,雖在稚年,也頗欣賞作者的氣度,僅此而已。好在語文老師硬性強調背誦,加之讀來也很順暢,還真是將其背得滾瓜爛熟,但對其意沒有深究,不甚了了。

  今天重讀,覺得文短而意長,句約而理深。369字的短文,文言發於中,情見於辭,他超越了單純寫山水樓觀的狹境,將自然界的晦明變化、風雨陰晴和“遷客騷人”的“覽物之情”結合自身的經歷感悟,以作“記”為名,借題發揮,表達了作者“不以物喜,不以己悲”的曠達胸襟和“先天下之憂而憂,后天下之樂而樂”的政治抱負,且將全文的重心放到了做人做官之道上,擴大了文章的境界,抒發了自己的感慨。全篇看似閑筆漫敘,實際上卻大有深意......(click to link full article)

岳陽樓記根本在說生命高度這碼子事

這一課談的是生命高度

人稱一流『文』一流的岳陽樓記

每一年要敎先天下憂而憂、後天下樂而樂的岳陽樓記,我都在想:暑假這麼悶熱、年輕如此狂放,初初升上高二的孩子讀來會不會太重?

連古人對『八百里洞庭,飛過去,飛過來』的呂洞賓冒出『一個神仙誰在眼』的吐槽,這些搖頭晃腦聽著mp3,電玩裡的魔獸世界比禮記裡的大同小康還真實的小子們又能看懂岳陽樓幾層高?!

岳陽樓恁的天高,我都仰著頭脖酸之至,要如何帶孩子看見那個2歲失怙、23歲才知身世、當了差後積了些錢買個田一心要周濟全族的先生立在那天下第一樓的頂端時,心理揣想的是什麼?(click to link full article)


作家:如靈不語

9.10.2009

西部大开发的环境忧思 / 何清涟

  
  地理决定论:有关人与自然关系的思考
  
  秋风乍起的八月,整个新疆热气腾腾。短短一个月内,共有5个大型招商会议在乌鲁木齐召开。山东、四川、湖南、上海等地的招商代表团联袂而至,据说已签了近两百个亿的投资协议,电视、报纸等媒体上一片欢欣鼓舞之声。
  
  与新疆各界人士在一起聊天,免不了要谈起时下最热闹的“西部大开发”这个话题。谈到当前的“热”时,竟然连他们自己都难以相信这些协议最后会落到实处。一个在当地颇为活跃的记者私下里说:“每个招商会议来了好几千人,平均每人最低花费1万元,加起来就有好几亿。将这些钱支持新疆也够了,可能比那些意向性的协议还更实在。那些意向性协议上承诺的投资,天知道最后能落实多少?” (click to link full article)

王力雄:西部大開發

如今很多中國人正在爲“西部大開發”神魂顛倒,似乎終於等來了可以實現“騰飛”夢的時機。其實西部開發不是今天才開始,新疆生産建設兵團(新疆人簡稱其爲“兵團”)就是五、六十年代開發新疆的典型。

上一次西部開發

那次開發也可以被冠以“大”字,所謂“力度”不亞於今天。資金投入以今天概念衡量可能不算多,但那時社會的最大資源是人力,從這種資源衡量,投入是相當巨大的

新疆生産建設兵團最初由十幾萬解放軍官兵就地轉業組成,隨後由政府組織內地勞動力遷入而不斷擴大。1956年僅河南一省就有5萬青年被送到兵團。從1957年到1966年,兵團職工人數由17.8萬人增長到80.8萬人。其中國家有組織地大批調入的有:1959-1960年,安徽、江蘇、湖北三省的青壯勞動力近10萬人;1963-1966年,上海、天津、北京、武漢、浙江、江蘇的青年學生12萬人;還有復員士兵和轉業軍官8萬人;饑荒時期“自流”入疆的21萬人;職工子女9萬人;以及12萬名交由兵團“勞動改造”的犯人,刑滿後大部分留在兵團。 到1966年,兵團的職工加上家屬,人口總數已達到148.5萬人。(click to link full article)

──轉自《遞進民主》2/4/2004 


什么是863、973计划??

80年代以来,许多国家都把发展高技术列为国家发展战略的重要组成部分。1986年3月3日,王大珩、王淦昌、杨嘉墀、陈芳允四位老科学家给中共中央写信,提出要跟踪世界先进水平,发展我国高技术的建议。这封信得到了小平同志的高度重视,小平同志亲自批示:此事宜速决断,不可拖延。 
在此后的半年时间里,中共中央、国务院组织200多位专家,研究部署高技术发展的战略,经过三轮极为严格的科学和技术论证后,中共中央、国务院批准了《高技术研究发展计划(“863”计划)纲要》......(click to link)

9.08.2009

What is a Standard Operating Procedure?

Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) help maximum safety and operational efficiency for these kind of organisations:
- Pharmaceutical organizations
- Government organizations
- Emergency response operations
- Clinical research organizations
- Power producing organizations

SOPs are detailed written instructions to achieve uniformity of the performance of a specific function...(click to link)

excerpts from http://www.sop-standard-operating-procedure.com
/

ReThinking Standard Operation Procedure

何清漣:是誰破壞了中國的生態環境?

【明見網6月21日訊】最近,在觥籌交錯的“財富論壇”上,參加者都在歡慶商業公關與現實政治的雙贏,而國家環保總局副局長潘岳有關中國環境生態的一番講話,卻為這一成功者的盛宴蒙上了一層淡淡的陰影。

   潘岳在《財富》全球論壇上指出中國這個“世界工廠”可能會成為“世界垃圾廠”,這一點並不希奇,希奇之處在於他在這一特殊的場合公開指出,中國的環境問題不是專業問題,而是一個政治問題,並指出造成這種結果的根源,是整個社會單純追求經濟增長速度的扭曲發展觀──在反思發展觀方面,官方承認錯失比學界指出發展觀的扭曲晚了十餘年!

每天都在增加的中國“生態難民......(click to link)

沙漠化吞噬北方......(click to link)

長江水系將步黃河的後塵......(click to link)

(6/22/2005 8:37:00 AM)

牟傳珩:“太湖藍藻”的政治啟示

──點擊“發展就是硬道理”的死穴

【明見網6月14日訊】“發展就是硬道理”,曾是鄧小平傳承給中共領導人借經濟增長維護制度合法性的武林秘笈,無論是江澤民還是胡錦濤,都將其視為最高聖旨心領神會,似乎中國一天沒有犧牲環境、資源與正義的經濟發展,就一天無法證明其制度的“優越性”。據說,中國今日的“經濟成就”,無不是由這個道理支撐的。頗為巧合的是,就在德國舉行的八國集團與發展中國家領導人對話會上,有關氣候與溫室氣體減排的話題,正從國際政治經濟的角度,對中國經濟的發展模式提出了全新質疑的同時,中國無錫太湖又爆發了由“藍藻”事件引發的水源危機與人心恐慌,並由此敲響了中國經濟高增長式的“發展就是硬道理”的警鐘......(click to link)

轉自《新世紀新聞網》(6/14/2007 9:50:00 PM)